1. Kufanele ihlanzwe kaningi kangakanani isistimu ye-osmosis?
Ngokuvamile, lapho ukugeleza okujwayelekile kwehla ngo-10-15%, noma izinga lokukhipha usawoti emanzini lehla ngo-10-15%, noma ingcindezi yokusebenza nengcindezi yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwezigaba ikhuphuka ngo-10-15%, uhlelo lwe-RO kufanele luhlanzwe. .Imvamisa yokuhlanza ihlobene ngqo nezinga lokwelashwa kwangaphambili kwesistimu.Lapho i-SDI15<3, imvamisa yokuhlanza ingaba izikhathi ezi-4 ngonyaka;Uma i-SDI15 iseduze ne-5, imvamisa yokuhlanza ingase iphindwe kabili, kodwa imvamisa yokuhlanza incike esimweni sangempela sesayithi lephrojekthi ngayinye.
2. Yini i-SDI?
Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obungcono kakhulu bokuhlola okuphumelelayo kokungcoliswa kwe-colloid ekungeneni kohlelo lwe-RO/NF ukukala inkomba ye-sedimentation density index (SDI, eyaziwa nangokuthi inkomba yokuvinjwa kokungcola) yokungena, okuyipharamitha ebalulekile okufanele kunqunywa ngaphambi kwe-RO design.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-RO/NF, kufanele kulinganiswe njalo (kumanzi angaphezulu, kukalwa izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngosuku).I-ASTM D4189-82 icacisa izinga lalokhu kuhlolwa.Amanzi angenayo olwelwesi lwesistimu acaciswa njengevelu ye-SDI15 kufanele ibe ≤ 5. Ubuchwepheshe obusebenzayo bokunciphisa ukuphathwa kusengaphambili kwe-SDI buhlanganisa isihlungi semidiya exubile, i-ultrafiltration, i-microfiltration, njll. Ukwengeza i-polydielectric ngaphambi kokuhlunga ngezinye izikhathi kungathuthukisa ukuhlunga ngokomzimba okungenhla futhi kunciphise inani le-SDI. .
3. Ngokuvamile, inqubo ye-osmosis ehlehlayo noma inqubo yokushintshanisa i-ion kufanele isetshenziselwe amanzi angenayo?
Ezimweni eziningi ezinethonya, ukusetshenziswa kwe-ion exchange resin noma i-osmosis ehlehlayo kungenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe, futhi ukukhethwa kwenqubo kufanele kunqunywe ngokuqhathanisa kwezomnotho.Ngokuvamile, lapho usawoti uphezulu, yilapho ukonga kwe-osmosis ephambene, futhi lapho usawoti uyancipha, ukushintshanisa kwe-ion kuba ukonga kakhulu.Ngenxa yokuduma kobuchwepheshe be-osmosis obuhlanekezelwe, inqubo eyinhlanganisela yenqubo yokushintshisana ye-osmosis+ion ehlehlayo noma i-osmosis ehlehlayo enezigaba eziningi noma i-osmosis ehlehlisayo+obunye ubuchwepheshe bokukhipha usawoti emanzini obujulile isiphenduke isikimu esaziwayo sobuchwepheshe nezomnotho esinengqondo kakhudlwana sokwelashwa kwamanzi.Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okwengeziwe, sicela uthintane nommeleli Wenkampani Yobunjiniyela Bezokwelapha Amanzi.
4. Mingaki iminyaka emingaki izakhi zolwelwesi lwe-osmosis ezingasetshenziswa?
Impilo yesevisi ye-membrane incike ekuzinzeni kwamakhemikhali olwelwesi, ukuzinza ngokomzimba kwe-elementi, ukuhlanzeka, umthombo wamanzi we-inlet, ukulungiswa kwangaphambili, imvamisa yokuhlanza, izinga lokuphatha ukusebenza, njll. Ngokokuhlaziywa komnotho , ngokuvamile kuba ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5.
5. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-osmosis ehlehlayo kanye ne-nanofiltration?
I-Nanofiltration ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa uketshezi lwe-membrane phakathi kwe-osmosis ehlehlayo kanye ne-ultrafiltration.I-Reverse osmosis ingasusa i-solute encane kakhulu enesisindo samangqamuzana esingaphansi kuka-0.0001 μ m.I-Nanofiltration ingasusa ama-solutes ngesisindo samangqamuzana esingaba ngu-0.001 μ m.I-Nanofiltration iwuhlobo lwe-osmosis ephansi yokucindezela okuphansi, esetshenziswa ezimeni lapho ubumsulwa bamanzi akhiqiziwe ngemuva kokwelashwa bungaqinile kakhulu.I-Nanofiltration ifaneleka ukwelapha amanzi omthombo namanzi angaphezulu.I-Nanofiltration iyasebenza ezinhlelweni zokuhlanza amanzi ezinezinga eliphezulu lokukhipha usawoti emanzini angadingeki njenge-reverse osmosis.Kodwa-ke, inekhono eliphezulu lokususa izingxenye zobulukhuni, ngezinye izikhathi ezibizwa ngokuthi "ulwelwesi oluthambile".Ingcindezi yokusebenza yesistimu ye-nanofiltration iphansi, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphansi kunaleyo yesistimu ye-reverse osmosis ehambisanayo.
6. Iyini ikhono lokuhlukanisa lobuchwepheshe be-membrane?
I-Reverse osmosis ubuchwepheshe bokuhlunga uketshezi olunembe kakhulu njengamanje.Ulwelwesi olungemuva lwe-osmosis lungavimba ama-molecule angaphili njengosawoti oncibilikayo nezinto eziphilayo ezinesisindo samangqamuzana angaphezu kuka-100. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-molecule amanzi angakwazi ukudlula ngokukhululekile kulwelwesi lwe-osmosis olungemuva, futhi izinga lokususwa kosawoti oncibilikayo li>95- 99%.Ingcindezi yokusebenza isuka ku-7bar (100psi) lapho amanzi angenisayo ingamanzi anosawoti kuya ku-69bar (1000psi) lapho amanzi okungena kungamanzi olwandle.I-Nanofiltration ingasusa ukungcola kwezinhlayiya ku-1nm (10A) kanye nezindaba eziphilayo ezinesisindo samangqamuzana esikhulu kune-200 ~ 400.Izinga lokususwa kwezinto ezincibilikayo ezincibilikayo ngu-20~98%, lelo likasawoti eliqukethe ama-anion univalent (njenge-NaCl noma i-CaCl2) lingu-20~80%, kanti lelo likasawoti eliqukethe i-bivalent anion (njenge-MgSO4) lingu-90~98%.I-Ultrafiltration ingahlukanisa ama-macromolecule amakhulu kuno-100~1000 angstrom (0.01~0.1 μ m).Wonke usawoti oncibilikayo nama-molecule amancane angadlula kulwelwesi lwe-ultrafiltration, futhi izinto ezingasuswa zihlanganisa ama-colloid, amaprotheni, ama-microorganisms kanye nama-macromolecular organics.Isisindo samangqamuzana olwelwesi oluningi lwe-ultrafiltration luyi-1000~100000.Ububanzi bezinhlayiya ezikhishwe yi-microfiltration cishe bungu-0.1~1 μ m.Ngokuvamile, izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe kanye nama-colloid ezinhlayiyana ezinkulu zingabanjwa kuyilapho ama-macromolecules nosawoti oncibilikayo kungadlula ngokukhululekile kulwelwesi lwe-microfiltration.I-microfiltration membrane isetshenziselwa ukususa amagciwane, ama-micro flocs noma i-TSS.Ingcindezi ezinhlangothini zombili zolwelwesi ngokuvamile iyibha engu-1~3.
7. Ingakanani inani eliphakeme elivumelekile le-silicon dioxide lamanzi angenisa ulwelwesi lwe-osmosis?
Isilinganiso esiphezulu esivumelekile se-silicon dioxide sincike ezingeni lokushisa, inani le-pH kanye ne-scale inhibitor.Ngokuvamile, ukugxila okuphezulu okuvunyelwe kwamanzi agxilile kungu-100ppm ngaphandle kwe-scale inhibitor.Amanye ama-scale inhibitors angavumela ukugcwala okukhulu kwe-silicon dioxide emanzini agxilile ukuthi kube ngu-240ppm.
8. Uyini umphumela we-chromium kufilimu ye-RO?
Ezinye izinsimbi ezisindayo, njenge-chromium, zizothuthukisa i-oxidation ye-chlorine, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukuwohloka okungenakuhlehliswa kolwelwesi.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Cr6+ ayizinzile kune-Cr3+ emanzini.Kubonakala sengathi umphumela olimazayo wama-ion ensimbi anenani eliphakeme le-oxidation unamandla.Ngakho-ke, ukugcwala kwe-chromium kufanele kwehliswe esigabeni sokwelashwa kwangaphambili noma okungenani i-Cr6+ kufanele yehliselwe ku-Cr3+.
9. Iluphi uhlobo lokwelapha kusengaphambili oludingekayo ngokuvamile ohlelweni lwe-RO?
Uhlelo olujwayelekile lokwelashwa lwangaphambi kokwelashwa luqukethe ukuhlunga okuqinile (~80 μ m) ukuze kukhishwe izinhlayiya ezinkulu, kwenezela ama-oxidants njenge-sodium hypochlorite, bese kuhlungwa kahle ngesihlungi semidiya eminingi noma i-clarifier, kwenezela ama-oxidants njenge-sodium bisulfite ukunciphisa i-chlorine esele, futhi ekugcineni ufake isihlungi sokuvikeleka ngaphambi kokufaka kwepompo yokucindezela okuphezulu.Njengoba igama lisho, isihlungi sokuphepha siyisilinganiso sokugcina somshwalense sokuvikela izinhlayiya ezinkulu ngephutha ukuthi zingalimazi i-high-pressure pump impeller kanye ne-membrane element.Imithombo yamanzi enezinhlayiya ezilengiswe kakhulu ngokuvamile idinga izinga eliphezulu lokwelashwa kusengaphambili ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezishiwo zokungena kwamanzi;Ngemithombo yamanzi enokuqukethwe kokuqina okuphezulu, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukuthambisa noma ukwengeza i-asidi ne-scale inhibitor.Ngemithombo yamanzi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-microbial kanye ne-organic, i-carbon activated noma i-anti-pollution membrane element kufanele isetshenziswe.
10. Ingabe i-osmosis ehlehlayo ingasusa ama-microorganisms afana namagciwane namagciwane?
I-Reverse Osmosis (RO) iminyene kakhulu futhi inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokususwa kwamagciwane, ama-bacteriophages namagciwane, okungenani ngaphezu kwamalogi angu-3 (izinga lokususwa>99.9%).Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, ama-microorganisms angase aphinde azale ohlangothini olukhiqiza amanzi olwelwesi, okuncike kakhulu endleleni yokuhlanganisa, ukuqapha nokugcinwa.Ngamanye amazwi, ikhono lesistimu lokususa ama-microorganisms lincike ekutheni ukuklama kwesistimu, ukusebenza nokuphatha kufanelekile yini kunobunjalo besici se-membrane ngokwayo.
11. Uyini umthelela wokushisa esithelweni samanzi?
Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu, isivuno samanzi siphezulu, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.Uma usebenza ekushiseni okuphezulu, ukucindezela kokusebenza kufanele kwehliswe ukuze kugcinwe isivuno samanzi singashintshi, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.
12. Kuyini ukungcola kwezinhlayiyana kanye ne-colloid?Indlela yokulinganisa?
Uma ukungcoliswa kwezinhlayiya nama-colloid kwenzeka ohlelweni lwe-osmosis engemuva noma i-nanofiltration, ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi kolwelwesi kuzothinteka kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinga lokukhipha usawoti emanzini lizoncishiswa.Uphawu lokuqala lwe-colloid fouling ukwanda kokucindezela kokuhluka kwesistimu.Umthombo wezinhlayiya noma ama-colloid emthonjeni wamanzi ongenisa ulwelwesi uyahlukahluka ezindaweni ngezindawo, ngokuvamile okuhlanganisa amagciwane, udaka, i-silicon ye-colloidal, imikhiqizo ye-iron corrosion, njll. Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa engxenyeni yokwelashwa, njenge-polyaluminium chloride, i-ferric chloride noma i-cationic polyelectrolyte. , ingase futhi ibangele ukungcola uma ingakwazi ukususwa ngempumelelo kusicacisi noma isihlungi semidiya.
13. Unganquma kanjani isiqondiso sokufaka indandatho ye-brine seal ku-membrane element?
Indandatho ye-brine seal ku-element ye-membrane iyadingeka ukuthi ifakwe ekugcineni kwe-inlet yamanzi ye-elementi, futhi ukuvulwa kubheke indlela yokungena kwamanzi.Lapho isitsha sokucindezela sondliwe ngamanzi, ukuvuleka kwayo (i-lip edge) kuzovulwa ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kugcizelelwe ngokuphelele ukugeleza kwamanzi ohlangothini olusuka ku-membrane element kuya odongeni lwangaphakathi lomkhumbi wokucindezela.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-14-2022