1. Kufuneka icocwe kangaphi i-reverse osmosis system?
Ngokubanzi, xa i-flux esemgangathweni iyancipha ngo-10-15%, okanye isantya se-desalination yenkqubo iyancipha ngo-10-15%, okanye uxinzelelo lokusebenza kunye noxinzelelo oluhlukeneyo phakathi kwamacandelo lunyuka nge-10-15%, inkqubo ye-RO kufuneka ihlambuluke. .I-frequency yokucoca ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwiqondo lonyango lwangaphambili lwenkqubo.Xa i-SDI15<3, i-frequency yokucoca ingaba ngamaxesha angama-4 ngonyaka;Xa i-SDI15 ijikeleze i-5, i-frequency yokucoca inokuphinda iphindwe kabini, kodwa i-frequency yokucoca ixhomekeke kwimeko yangempela yendawo yeprojekthi nganye.
2. Yintoni iSDI?
Okwangoku, iteknoloji engcono kakhulu yokuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo ukungcola kwe-colloid ekungeneni kwenkqubo ye-RO / NF kukulinganisa i-sedimentation density index (SDI, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-polution blockage index) yokungena, okuyiparameter ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ihlawulwe. kumiselwa phambi koyilo lweRO.Ngethuba lokusebenza kwe-RO / NF, kufuneka ilinganiswe rhoqo (kumanzi angaphezulu, ilinganiswa ngamaxesha angama-2-3 ngosuku).I-ASTM D4189-82 ichaza umgangatho wolu vavanyo.I-inlet yamanzi ye-membrane system ichazwe njengexabiso le-SDI15 kufuneka libe ≤ 5. Iteknoloji esebenzayo yokunciphisa i-SDI pretreatment ibandakanya i-multi-media filter, i-ultrafiltration, i-microfiltration, njl. .
3. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo ye-osmosis yokubuyisela umva okanye inkqubo yokutshintshiselana nge-ion kufuneka isetyenziswe kumanzi angenayo?
Kwiimeko ezininzi ezinempembelelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-ion exchange resin okanye i-osmosis eguqukayo inokwenzeka ngokobugcisa, kwaye ukhetho lwenkqubo kufuneka lugqitywe ngokuthelekisa uqoqosho.Ngokuqhelekileyo, okukhona isiqulatho setyuwa siphezulu, kokukhona sinoqoqosho ngakumbi i-osmosis ebuyela umva, kwaye okukhona isezantsi isiqulatho setyuwa, kokukhona ukonga ngakumbi ukutshintshiselana kwe-ion.Ngenxa yokuduma kwetekhnoloji ye-osmosis ebuyela umva, inkqubo edibeneyo yenkqubo yokutshintsha i-osmosis + ion okanye i-osmosis enamanqanaba amaninzi okanye i-osmosis ebuyela umva + obunye ubuchwephesha bokukhupha ityuwa obunzulu bube sisikimu esamkelweyo sobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho esinengqiqo ngakumbi sonyango lwamanzi.Ukufumana ukuqonda okungakumbi, nceda uqhagamshelane nommeli weNkampani yobuNjineli boNyango lwaManzi.
4. Mingaphi iminyaka enokusetyenziswa umva i-osmosis membrane element?
Ubomi benkonzo ye-membrane buxhomekeke ekuzinzeni kweekhemikhali ze-membrane, ukuzinza komzimba wento, ukucoceka, umthombo wamanzi we-inlet, i-pretreatment, i-frequency yokucoca, inqanaba lokulawula ukusebenza, njl. Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lwezoqoqosho , idla ngokuba ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-5.
5. Uthini umahluko phakathi kwe-osmosis ye-reverse kunye ne-nanofiltration?
I-Nanofiltration yitekhnoloji yokwahlula inwebu yelwelwe phakathi kwe-osmosis ebuyela umva kunye ne-ultrafiltration.I-osmosis ebuyela umva inokususa eyona nto incinci i-solute enobunzima bemolekyuli obungaphantsi kwe-0.0001 μ m.I-Nanofiltration inokususa i-solutes kunye nobunzima be-molecular malunga ne-0.001 μ m.I-Nanofiltration luhlobo loxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-osmosis, olusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho ukucoceka kwamanzi avelisiweyo emva kokunyanga akungqongqo kakhulu.I-Nanofiltration ifanelekile ukunyanga kakuhle amanzi kunye namanzi angaphezulu.I-Nanofiltration iyasebenza kwiinkqubo zokunyanga amanzi ezinezinga eliphezulu lokukhupha ityuwa ekungeyomfuneko njenge-osmosis eguqukayo.Nangona kunjalo, inekhono eliphezulu lokususa amacandelo obunzima, ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa "i-membrane ethambileyo".Uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lwenkqubo ye-nanofiltration iphantsi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuphantsi kunoko kwenkqubo ye-osmosis ehambelanayo.
6. Yintoni isakhono sokwahlula iteknoloji ye-membrane?
I-Reverse osmosis yeyona teknoloji ichanekileyo yokucoca ulwelo okwangoku.I-reverse osmosis inwebu inokuthintela iimolekyuli ze-inorganic ezifana neetyuwa ezinyibilikayo kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezinobunzima bemolekyuli obungaphezu kwe-100. Kwelinye icala, iimolekyuli zamanzi zinokudlula ngokukhululekileyo kwi-reverse osmosis inwebu, kwaye isantya sokususwa kweetyuwa eziqhelekileyo ezinyibilikayo yi>95- 99%.Uxinzelelo olusebenzayo luvela kwi-7bar (100psi) xa amanzi okungena emanzini angama-brackish ukuya kwi-69bar (1000psi) xa amanzi angenayo angamanzi olwandle.I-Nanofiltration inokususa ukungcola kwamaqhekeza kwi-1nm (10A) kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezinobunzima be-molecular obukhulu kune-200 ~ 400.Izinga lokususwa kwezinto ezixutywe ne-soluble yi-20 ~ 98%, i-salts equkethe i-anion univalent (efana ne-NaCl okanye i-CaCl2) yi-20 ~ 80%, kunye ne-salts equkethe i-bivalent anion (efana ne-MgSO4) yi-90 ~ 98%.I-Ultrafiltration inokwahlula ii-macromolecules ezinkulu kune-100 ~ 1000 angstroms (0.01 ~ 0.1 μ m).Zonke iityuwa ezinyibilikayo kunye neemolekyuli ezincinci zinokudlula kwi-membrane ye-ultrafiltration, kwaye izinto ezinokususwa ziquka i-colloids, iiprotheni, i-microorganisms kunye ne-macromolecular organics.Ubunzima bemolekyuli yeembrane ezininzi ze-ultrafiltration yi-1000 ~ 100000.Uluhlu lwamaqhekeza asuswe yi-microfiltration malunga ne-0.1 ~ 1 μ m.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-solids emisiwe kunye ne-particle colloids enkulu inokubanjwa ngelixa i-macromolecules kunye neetyuwa ezinyibilikayo zinokudlula ngokukhululekileyo kwi-microfiltration membrane.I-microfiltration membrane isetyenziselwa ukususa ibhaktheriya, i-micro flocs okanye i-TSS.Uxinzelelo kumacala omabini enwebu ngokuqhelekileyo yi-1 ~ 3 bar.
7. Ngowuphi ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo be-silicon dioxide yoxinaniso lwe-reverse osmosis inwebu yokungena emanzini?
Ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo be-silicon dioxide buxhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa, ixabiso le-pH kunye ne-scale inhibitor.Ngokuqhelekileyo, umlinganiselo ophezulu ovumelekileyo wamanzi agxininisiweyo yi-100ppm ngaphandle kwe-scale inhibitor.Ezinye ii-scale inhibitors zinokuvumela ubuninzi boxinzelelo lwe-silicon dioxide kumanzi axilileyo ukuba bube yi-240ppm.
8. Yintoni umphumo wechromium kwifilimu ye-RO?
Ezinye iintsimbi ezinzima, ezifana nechromium, ziya kubangela i-oxidation ye-chlorine, ngaloo ndlela ibangele ukuthotywa kwe-membrane okungenakuguqulwa.Oku kungenxa yokuba i-Cr6+ izinzile ngaphantsi kwe-Cr3+ emanzini.Kubonakala ngathi umphumo owonakalisayo we-ion zetsimbi kunye nexabiso eliphezulu le-oxidation linamandla.Ngoko ke, ukuxinwa kwe-chromium kufuneka kuncitshiswe kwicandelo lonyango lwangaphambili okanye ubuncinane i-Cr6 + kufuneka ithotywe ibe yi-Cr3 +.
9. Loluphi uhlobo lonyango lwangaphambili olufunwa ngokubanzi kwisixokelelwano seRO?
Inkqubo yesiqhelo yonyango yangaphambili ibandakanya ukuhluzwa okurhabaxa (~ 80 μ m) ukususa amasuntswana amakhulu, ukongeza i-oxidants njenge-sodium hypochlorite, emva koko ukuhluzwa okucokisekileyo nge-multi-media filter okanye i-clarifier, yongeza i-oxidants njenge-sodium bisulfite ukunciphisa i-chlorine eseleyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni kufakwe isihluzo sokhuseleko phambi kokungena kwempompo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu.Njengoko negama lisitsho, isihluzo sokhuseleko linyathelo lokugqibela le-inshurensi yokuthintela amasuntswana amakhulu ngempazamo ekonakaliseni i-high-pressure pump impeller kunye ne-membrane element.Imithombo yamanzi enamasuntswana axhonywe ngakumbi idla ngokufuna iqondo eliphezulu lokucutshungulwa kwangaphambili ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezichaziweyo zokungena kwamanzi;Kwimithombo yamanzi enomxholo ophezulu wobunzima, kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ukuthambisa okanye ukongeza i-asidi kunye ne-scale inhibitor.Kwimithombo yamanzi enomxholo ophezulu we-microbial kunye ne-organic, i-carbon activated okanye i-anti-pollution membrane element kufuneka isetyenziswe.
10. Ngaba i-osmosis ingakwazi ukususa ii-microorganisms ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya?
I-osmosis ye-reverse (RO) ixinene kakhulu kwaye inezinga eliphezulu lokususa iintsholongwane, i-bacteriophages kunye neebhaktheriya, ubuncinane ngaphezu kwe-3 log (izinga lokususwa> 99.9%).Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, i-microorganisms isenokuzala kwakhona kwicala lokuvelisa amanzi kwi-membrane, exhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela yokuhlanganisana, ukubeka iliso kunye nokugcinwa.Ngamanye amazwi, ukukwazi kwenkqubo ukususa i-microorganisms kuxhomekeke ekubeni uyilo lwenkqubo, ukusebenza kunye nokulawula kufanelekile kunokuba ubume be-membrane ngokwayo.
11. Lithini ifuthe lobushushu kwisivuno samanzi?
Okukhona iqondo lobushushu liphezulu, kokukhona imveliso yamanzi iphezulu, kwaye ngokuphambeneyo.Xa usebenza kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, uxinzelelo lokusebenza kufuneka luthotywe ukuze kugcinwe isivuno samanzi singatshintshi, kwaye ngokufanayo.
12. Yintoni ungcoliseko lwamasuntswana kunye ne-colloid?Ukulinganisa njani?
Emva kokuba ukungcola kweengqungquthela kunye ne-colloids kwenzeka kwi-osmosis eguqukayo okanye inkqubo ye-nanofiltration, isivuno samanzi se-membrane siya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha izinga le-desalination liya kuncitshiswa.Uphawu lokuqala lwe-colloid fouling kukunyuka koxinzelelo lwenkqubo yokwahlukana.Umthombo wamasuntswana okanye i-colloids kwi-membrane inlet inlet umthombo wamanzi uyahluka ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwindawo, kaninzi kubandakanya ibhaktheriya, i-sludge, i-silicon ye-colloidal, iimveliso ze-iron corrosion, njl. , kunokubangela ukungcoliswa ukuba azikwazi ukususwa ngokufanelekileyo kwi-clarifier okanye i-media filter.
13. Indlela yokumisela isalathiso sokufakela iringi ye-brine kwi-membrane element?
Umsesane wokutywina we-brine kwi-membrane element kufuneka ufakwe kwisiphelo sokungena kwamanzi sento, kunye nokuvula kujongene nolwalathiso lokungena kwamanzi.Xa isitya soxinzelelo sityiswa ngamanzi, ukuvula kwayo (i-lip edge) kuya kuvulwa ngakumbi ukutywina ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwamanzi ukusuka kwi-membrane ukuya kudonga lwangaphakathi lomkhumbi woxinzelelo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-14-2022