1. Sau nawa ya kamata a tsaftace tsarin osmosis na baya?
Gabaɗaya, lokacin da daidaitaccen juzu'i ya ragu da 10-15%, ko ƙarancin ƙarancin tsarin ya ragu da 10-15%, ko matsa lamba na aiki da matsin lamba tsakanin sassan ya karu da 10-15%, tsarin RO yakamata a tsaftace shi. .Mitar tsaftacewa yana da alaƙa kai tsaye zuwa matakin pretreatment na tsarin.Lokacin SDI15 <3, mitar tsaftacewa na iya zama sau 4 a shekara;Lokacin da SDI15 ke kusa da 5, ana iya ninka mitar tsaftacewa, amma mitar tsaftacewa ya dogara da ainihin yanayin kowane rukunin aikin.
2. Menene SDI?
A halin yanzu, mafi kyawun fasaha mai yuwuwa don ingantaccen kimantawa na gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iska a cikin shigar da tsarin RO / NF shine auna ma'aunin ƙima (SDI, wanda kuma aka sani da ƙayyadaddun ƙazamin ƙazanta) na shigar, wanda shine muhimmin ma'auni wanda dole ne. a ƙayyade kafin ƙirar RO.A lokacin aikin RO / NF, dole ne a auna shi akai-akai (don ruwa mai zurfi, ana auna shi sau 2-3 a rana).ASTM D4189-82 yana ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin wannan gwajin.Ruwan shigar ruwa na tsarin membrane an kayyade shi azaman darajar SDI15 dole ne ya zama ≤ 5. Ingantattun fasahohi don rage pretreatment SDI sun haɗa da tacewa da yawa, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, da dai sauransu. Ƙara polydielectric kafin tacewa na iya inganta wani lokacin tacewa ta jiki da kuma rage ƙimar SDI. .
3. Gabaɗaya, ya kamata a yi amfani da tsarin jujjuyawar osmosis ko tsarin musayar ion don ruwa mai shiga?
A yawancin yanayi masu tasiri, yin amfani da resin ion musayar resin ko baya osmosis abu ne mai yiwuwa ta hanyar fasaha, kuma zaɓin tsari ya kamata a ƙayyade ta hanyar kwatanta tattalin arziki.Gabaɗaya, mafi girman abun ciki na gishiri, mafi ƙarancin tattalin arziƙi na baya osmosis shine, kuma ƙarancin abun ciki na gishiri, ƙarin tattalin arziƙin musayar ion shine.Saboda shaharar fasahar osmosis na baya, tsarin hadewar tsarin musayar osmosis + ion ko tsarin jujjuyawar matakai da yawa ko juyawa osmosis + wasu fasahohin lalata mai zurfi ya zama sanannen fasaha da tattalin arziƙi mafi madaidaicin tsarin kula da ruwa.Don ƙarin fahimta, da fatan za a tuntuɓi wakilin Kamfanin Injiniyan Kula da Ruwa.
4. Shekaru nawa ne za a iya amfani da abubuwan da ke juyar da osmosis membrane?
Rayuwar sabis na membrane ya dogara da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai na membrane, kwanciyar hankali na jiki na kashi, tsabtatawa, tushen ruwa na mashigai, pretreatment, mitar tsaftacewa, matakin sarrafa aiki, da dai sauransu bisa ga nazarin tattalin arziki. , yawanci yakan wuce shekaru 5.
5. Menene bambanci tsakanin reverse osmosis da nanofiltration?
Nanofiltration shine fasahar rabuwar ruwa ta membrane tsakanin juyawa osmosis da ultrafiltration.Reverse osmosis zai iya cire mafi ƙarancin solute tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta wanda bai wuce 0.0001 μ m ba.Nanofiltration na iya cire solutes tare da nauyin kwayoyin kusan 0.001 μ m.Nanofiltration shine ainihin nau'in ƙananan matsa lamba baya osmosis, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin yanayi inda tsabtar ruwan da aka samar bayan jiyya ba ta da tsauri.Nanofiltration ya dace don magance ruwan rijiyar da ruwan sama.Nanofiltration yana da amfani ga tsarin kula da ruwa tare da yawan tsaftataccen ruwa wanda ba dole ba kamar osmosis na baya.Duk da haka, yana da babban iko don cire abubuwan taurin, wani lokaci ana kiransa "membrane mai laushi".Matsin aiki na tsarin nanofiltration yana da ƙasa, kuma yawan amfani da makamashi ya fi ƙasa da na tsarin juzu'in osmosis daidai.
6. Menene ikon rabuwa na fasahar membrane?
Reverse osmosis shine mafi ingancin fasahar tace ruwa a halin yanzu.A reverse osmosis membrane iya intercept inorganic kwayoyin irin su soluble salts da Organic abubuwa tare da kwayoyin nauyi fiye da 100. A daya hannun, ruwa kwayoyin iya da yardar kaina wucewa ta cikin Reverse osmosis membrane, da kuma kau kudi na hankula soluble salts ne>95- 99%.Matsakaicin aiki yana fitowa daga 7bar (100psi) lokacin da ruwan shigar ruwa ya zama ruwan ɗumi zuwa 69bar (1000psi) lokacin da ruwan shigar ruwan teku ne.Nanofiltration na iya cire ƙazanta na barbashi a 1nm (10A) da al'amuran halitta tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta fiye da 200 ~ 400.Yawan cirewar daskararrun daskararru shine 20 ~ 98%, na gishiri mai ɗauke da anions marasa ƙarfi (kamar NaCl ko CaCl2) shine 20 ~ 80%, kuma na gishiri mai ɗauke da anions bivalent (kamar MgSO4) shine 90 ~ 98%.Ultrafiltration na iya raba macromolecules girma fiye da 100 ~ 1000 angstroms (0.01 ~ 0.1 μm).Duk gishiri mai narkewa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya wucewa ta cikin membrane na ultrafiltration, kuma abubuwan da za a iya cire sun haɗa da colloid, sunadarai, microorganisms da macromolecular Organics.Nauyin kwayoyin mafi yawan membranes ultrafiltration shine 1000 ~ 100000.Kewayon barbashi da aka cire ta microfiltration shine kusan 0.1 ~ 1 μm.Gabaɗaya, daskararru da aka dakatar da manyan colloids za a iya katsewa yayin da macromolecules da salts mai narkewa zasu iya wucewa ta cikin membrane na microfiltration da yardar kaina.Ana amfani da membrane microfiltration don cire ƙwayoyin cuta, microflocs ko TSS.Matsakaicin bangarorin biyu na membrane yawanci shine sanduna 1 ~ 3.
7. Menene matsakaicin adadin siliki dioxide da aka yarda da shi na ruwan shigar osmosis membrane na baya?
Matsakaicin izinin maida hankali na silicon dioxide ya dogara da zafin jiki, ƙimar pH da mai hana sikelin.Gabaɗaya, matsakaicin adadin da aka yarda na tattara ruwa shine 100ppm ba tare da mai hana sikelin ba.Wasu masu hana sikelin na iya ƙyale iyakar adadin silicon dioxide a cikin ruwan da aka tattara ya zama 240ppm.
8. Menene tasirin chromium akan fim ɗin RO?
Wasu ƙananan karafa, irin su chromium, za su haifar da iskar oxygen da iskar shaka na chlorine, don haka haifar da lalacewar membrane maras sakewa.Wannan saboda Cr6+ ba shi da kwanciyar hankali fiye da Cr3+ a cikin ruwa.Da alama cewa lalacewar ions karfe tare da farashin iskar shaka mai yawa ya fi karfi.Sabili da haka, yakamata a rage ƙaddamar da chromium a cikin sashin pretreatment ko aƙalla Cr6 + ya kamata a rage zuwa Cr3 +.
9. Wani irin pretreatment ake bukata gaba ɗaya don RO tsarin?
Tsarin da aka saba da shi na farko ya ƙunshi tacewa (~ 80 μm) don cire manyan ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙara oxidants irin su sodium hypochlorite, sa'an nan kuma mai kyau tacewa ta hanyar multi-media filter ko clarifier, ƙara oxidants kamar sodium bisulfite don rage ragowar chlorine, sannan a karshe sai a sanya tacer tsaro kafin shigar da famfo mai matsa lamba.Kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, matattarar aminci ita ce ma'aunin inshora na ƙarshe don hana manyan barbashi na bazata daga lalata matsi mai matsananciyar famfo da sinadarin membrane.Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa tare da ƙarin abubuwan dakatarwa yawanci suna buƙatar babban matakin pretreatment don saduwa da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun don shigar ruwa;Don tushen ruwa tare da babban abun ciki mai tauri, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da laushi ko ƙara mai hana acid da sikelin.Don tushen ruwa tare da babban ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da abun ciki na halitta, ya kamata a yi amfani da carbon da aka kunna ko abubuwan da ke hana gurɓatawa membrane.
10. Shin zai iya juyar da osmosis cire ƙwayoyin cuta kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta?
Reverse osmosis (RO) yana da yawa sosai kuma yana da babban adadin cire ƙwayoyin cuta, bacteriophages da ƙwayoyin cuta, aƙalla fiye da log 3 (yawan cirewa>99.9%).Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa a lokuta da yawa, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na iya sake haifuwa a kan ruwa da ke samar da membrane, wanda ya dogara ne akan hanyar taro, kulawa da kulawa.A wasu kalmomi, ikon tsarin don cire ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ya dogara ne akan ko tsarin tsarin, aiki da gudanarwa ya dace maimakon yanayin nau'in membrane da kansa.
11. Menene tasirin zafin jiki akan yawan ruwa?
Mafi girman zafin jiki shine, mafi girman yawan ruwa shine, kuma akasin haka.Lokacin aiki a yanayin zafi mafi girma, ya kamata a saukar da matsa lamba don kiyaye yawan ruwan da ba zai canza ba, kuma akasin haka.
12. Menene gurbacewar barbashi da colloid?Yadda za a auna?
Da zarar ɓacin rai na barbashi da colloid ya faru a cikin juzu'in osmosis ko tsarin nanofiltration, yawan amfanin ruwa na membrane zai yi tasiri sosai, kuma wani lokacin za a rage yawan zubar da ruwa.Alamar farko na lalata colloid shine haɓakar matsa lamba na tsarin.Tushen barbashi ko colloid a cikin mashin shigar ruwa na membrane ya bambanta daga wuri zuwa wuri, sau da yawa ciki har da ƙwayoyin cuta, sludge, silicon colloidal, samfuran lalata baƙin ƙarfe, da sauransu. Magungunan da ake amfani da su a cikin sashin pretreatment, kamar polyaluminum chloride, ferric chloride ko cationic polyelectrolyte. , kuma na iya haifar da ɓarna idan ba za a iya cire su da kyau a cikin mai bayyanawa ko tacewar mai jarida ba.
13. Yadda za a ƙayyade shugabanci na installing brine hatimi zobe a kan membrane kashi?
Ana buƙatar shigar da zoben hatimin brine akan nau'in membrane don shigar da shi a ƙarshen mashigar ruwa na kashi, kuma buɗewar tana fuskantar hanyar shigar ruwa.Lokacin da aka ciyar da jirgin ruwa da ruwa, za a ƙara buɗe buɗewarsa (Leɓen leɓe) don rufe magudanar ruwa gaba ɗaya daga sashin membrane zuwa bangon ciki na jirgin ruwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-14-2022